March 20 marks the 20th anniversary of the Iraq War. Initially, the war had substantial majority support, saying it was “worth it”. But that fell rapidly and by July 2004 as many said it was “not worth it”. By 2008 we reached near 65% not worth it, which is little changed.
Three aspects of Iraq War opinion. (Created 11/5/2007).
A look at overall opinion shows that the public is not keen on either Biden or Trump running for president again in 2024. Of all registered voters interviewed in the November 2022 and January 2023 Marquette Law School Poll National surveys, 34% would like Biden to run and 29% would like Trump to run.
Among only registered voters who consider themselves Democrats or independents who lean Democrat, 49% would like Biden to run. Among registered voters who are Republican or independent but lean Republican, 53% would like Trump to run.
This even split in both parties comes despite generally favorable views of both Biden and Trump among registered voters of their party. Biden is viewed favorably by 82% of registered Democrats and Trump is viewed favorably by 68% of registered Republicans.
While Democrats are more favorable to Biden than Republicans are to Trump, there is reluctance among Democrats for a Biden run in 2024 even among those with a favorable opinion of him, 57% of whom wish him to run. Among Republicans who are favorable to Trump there is higher support for a run, 72%.
Strength of partisanship also plays a role with Democrats more supportive of a Biden candidacy than are independents who lean Democrat, and likewise for Trump among Republicans compared to independents who lean Republican.
Among all registered voters, 42% say they would like neither Biden nor Trump to run in 2024, 28% would like Biden but not Trump to run and 24% would like Trump but not Biden. And only 5% would like to see a rerun of 2024.
Methodology details:
Nate Cohn has a look at widely varying polls on Trump 2024, including my @MULawPoll. Worth a read.
It is hard to get apples-to-apples comparisons. Different question (long list of candidates or DeSantis-Trump head-to-head), RVs or likely primary voters, Reps or Reps+Lean.
I’d also stress value of comparative favorability among Reps.
And comparison of ONE poll over time with same methodology each time removes noise due to multiple pollsters w varying methodology. This emphasizes trend change w most comparable data available
Favs in @MULawPoll national surveys:
Another trend for want Trump to run, and shows the difference between those who are more partisan Republicans and those independents who lean Rep. (How these are included or not also affects the cross-pollster comparison in Nate’s article.)
Here is a comparison of want Trump and want DeSantis to run by party ID for the latest, January 2023 @MULawPoll national poll (all these tweets are based on our national polls, not our Wisconsin only polls.)
I think the most revealing results we have in @MULawPoll is DeSantis is very appealing to PRO-TRUMP Republicans. His fav rating is strong with those Reps also fav to Trump & those Reps who want Trump to run. His threat to Trump is that he’s popular inside Trump’s house.
It is really important to stress we are watching a dynamic process as it unfolds, NOT predicting final outcomes. Trump is ramping up criticism of DeSantis. Does that change things in upcoming polls? When (if) DeSantis enters the race is another test.
There’s a long way to go.
Here is a link to Nate’s article in NYTimes today. By all means give it a read.
Here is my look at the pre-election polling, as of Nov. 5, 2022.
The raw polling data is from FiveThirtyEight.com, who generously allow download of their polling database. The trends are my estimates and not those of FiveThirtyEight or anyone else.
I include both LV and RV poll results because I believe this reflects uncertainty about turnout, which most do not include in their estimates.
Note the trends as well as the point estimates. The last date of polling is shown in each chart, but most polling was completed a week or more before the election.
Charts are in order of Cook rating of the race and alphabetical within Cook rating (so Solid-D to Solid-R and alphabetical within rating group.
A race had to have at least 5 polls to be included here.
Senate races first, then governor races.
Now the Governor races
Republicans and Democrats have very different issue concerns in 2022.
GOP pollster Bill McInturff nails it, and my @MULawPoll data in Wisconsin agrees. Reps care about one set of issues, Dems a different set, with little overlap.
Here is Bill’s full quote. The link includes a link to the longer @RonBrownstein story at CNN. politicalwire.com/2022/08/31/bon… h/t Taegan Goddard @politicalwire for the quote.
If you see Republicans talking about border security/illegal immigration and Dems talking climate change, just look here to see why Compare “Crime”, “Crime in your community” and “Gun violence” for sharp differences by party. Also note less concern by all for crime in your community.
And credit to gganimate for making the gif.
The net balance of party identification has shifted in the Republican direction in 2022, by a little in Kaiser and Marist polls, but a lot in NBC and Quinnipiac polls. One might debate the size but the trend is clear. What it means is perhaps not quite as clear.
The party balance might most obviously shift because people are moving away from the Democratic Party and (likely) into independents, and (likely) from independents and into Republican. In short, real change in the margin.
Democratic approval of Biden has fallen over the year, while Republicans are united in disapproval of Biden (almost unanimously). Inflation is a dominant issue which favors Republicans and damages Democrats. And a Democratic congress has failed to deliver as much as many Democrats had hoped for in early 2021. That is all a recipe for marginal shifts in the party balance, especially at the boundaries between “independent” and either partisan group.
Or the shifts could be because Democrats are “discouraged” by the national political environment (largely for the same reason as above) and are just less anxious to talk to pollsters about politics. In this story the “real” party balance hasn’t changed but Democrats just don’t feel like talking about it. This is cold comfort to Democrats though, since discouraged Democrats not talking to pollsters are also likely Democrats less likely to vote in November, which is also damaging to party prospects.
The recent changes in margin between Democrats and Republican identification are rather large in comparison to shifts we’ve seen earlier in the time series for each pollster. Such trends could reverse before the elections, but time is growing short. And Biden’s job approval has shown no signs of improving, indeed his average continues to slowly decline, now below 40% approval.
Races for Senate and governor may hinge on candidates and the campaigns, so these partisan trends are not the whole story but they add to the national forces that are a drag on Democrats everywhere and a boost to Republicans.
Notes: I look here are “unleaned” party identification, those who say they are “Republicans” or “Democrats”, not including those who say they are independents who lean to either party. This is in part due to limits in the party measures reported by pollsters, with “unleaned” party being the lowest common denominator.
I also use high quality telephone polls that do NOT weight their samples to party ID. This has historically been the “standard” party measure. Most online polls, including Pew, now weight their samples to a party balance estimated from recent telephone polls, which makes tracking trends with samples weighted to party a complicated issue.
Here are the trends for Kaiser, Marist, NBC and Quinnipiac, first for each party and then for the net margin between the parties. Data include the latest polls as of July 5, 2022.
Are abortion policy preferences linked to motivation to vote and to concern about the issue of abortion, and what role does partisanship play? I assess this using data from the Marquette Law School Poll of 803 Wisconsin registered voters, conducted June 14-20, 2022, a week before the US Supreme Court struck down the Roe v Wade decision on June 24, but well after the draft opinion in this case became public in May.
There has been a consistent majority of Wisconsin registered voters who favor legal abortions in all or most cases, and a minority who say abortion should be illegal in all or most cases. Surveys over the past decade have shown very little change in opinion, as shown in Table 1.
| Poll dates | Legal in all cases | Legal in most cases | Illegal in most cases | Illegal in all cases |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9/13-16/12 | 26 | 34 | 23 | 13 |
| 9/27-30/12 | 25 | 35 | 23 | 12 |
| 10/11-14/12 | 25 | 34 | 25 | 12 |
| 10/25-28/12 | 28 | 32 | 23 | 12 |
| 10/21-24/13 | 26 | 36 | 25 | 10 |
| 10/23-26/14 | 24 | 34 | 24 | 15 |
| 7/11-15/18 | 27 | 36 | 18 | 11 |
| 9/12-16/18 | 26 | 36 | 21 | 9 |
| 10/24-28/18 | 26 | 29 | 24 | 14 |
| 2/19-23/20 | 18 | 37 | 22 | 15 |
| 10/26-31/21 | 23 | 38 | 23 | 11 |
| 6/14-20/22 | 27 | 31 | 24 | 11 |
There is little difference in enthusiasm to vote except among those who think abortion should be illegal in most cases. Those in the two pro-abortion categories, and those with the most anti-abortion preference are all equally motivated to vote. This gives no support for the idea that the abortion issue would be uniquely motivating to pro-abortion voters. Of course this could change, but the draft opinion does not appear to have motivated supporters of abortion to greater political engagement. Rather those who say abortion should be illegal in most cases are the more enthusiastic to vote in these data.
| Abortion policy preference | Very enthusiastic | Less enthusiastic | DK/Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Legal in all cases | 56 | 42 | 2 |
| Legal in most cases | 56 | 42 | 1 |
| Illegal in most cases | 68 | 32 | 0 |
| Illegal in all cases | 57 | 43 | 0 |
Those who think abortion should always be legal or always be illegal are the most concerned about abortion policy, while those in the middle categories of legal in most cases or illegal in most cases are substantially less concerned.
Those with the strongest anti-abortion preference express more concern for abortion policy than do the strongest pro-abortion advocates by a small margin.
| Abortion policy preference | Very concerned | Less concerned | DK/Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Legal in all cases | 66 | 34 | 0 |
| Legal in most cases | 53 | 46 | 1 |
| Illegal in most cases | 51 | 42 | 7 |
| Illegal in all cases | 73 | 27 | 0 |
There is virtually no relationship between age and abortion preference. Only those 70 years old or older are a bit less supportive of abortion than the other age groups.
| Age | Legal in all or most | Illegal in all or most | Don’t know |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18-29 | 62 | 38 | 1 |
| 30-39 | 60 | 30 | 6 |
| 40-49 | 60 | 34 | 5 |
| 50-59 | 60 | 35 | 5 |
| 60-69 | 57 | 35 | 5 |
| 70+ | 51 | 40 | 7 |
Concern over the abortion issue is also not associated with age. Concern fluctuates across age groups but is not consistently higher among the young than it is among their elders. These results suggest it is unlikely that the abortion issue will be uniquely motivating for younger voters in the fall elections.
| Age | Very concerned | Less concerned | DK/Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18-29 | 62 | 38 | 0 |
| 30-39 | 46 | 54 | 0 |
| 40-49 | 55 | 43 | 3 |
| 50-59 | 66 | 33 | 1 |
| 60-69 | 55 | 41 | 4 |
| 70+ | 64 | 32 | 4 |
Democrats say they are more concerned about the abortion issue, followed by Republicans while independents express less concern about the issue.
| Party ID | Very concerned | Less concerned | DK/Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 57 | 41 | 2 |
| Independent | 49 | 49 | 2 |
| Democrat | 73 | 26 | 1 |
While Democrats express more concern about abortion, they are less likely than Republicans to say they are very enthusiastic about voting in November.
| Party ID | Very enthusiastic | Less enthusiastic | DK/Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 74 | 26 | 0 |
| Independent | 49 | 49 | 1 |
| Democrat | 60 | 39 | 1 |
Enthusiasm to vote is highest among Republicans, and equally so for pro- and anti-abortion policy preferences. Among independents, those opposed to abortion are more enthusiastic than those supporting abortion. Among Democrats who are pro-abortion, enthusiasm is less than among Republicans. There are very few Democrats who are anti-abortion, but among this group enthusiasm is low, about the same as for pro-abortion independents.
| Party ID | Abortion policy | Very enthusiastic | Less enthusiastic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | Legal all or most cases | 73 | 27 |
| Republican | Illegal all or most cases | 73 | 27 |
| Independent | Legal all or most cases | 45 | 53 |
| Independent | Illegal all or most cases | 57 | 43 |
| Democrat | Legal all or most cases | 61 | 38 |
| Democrat | Illegal all or most cases | 48 | 52 |
A week before the Supreme Court struck down Roe v Wade, Wisconsin Republicans were more motivated to vote than Democrats, and pro-abortion policy preference was not associated with greater enthusiasm to vote. Enthusiasm was higher among those saying abortion should be illegal in most cases while quite similar among those saying abortion should be legal in all or most cases, and for those saying it should be illegal in all cases.
The Court’s now official decision overturning Roe, and the subsequent political campaigns on the issue, may shift motivation and participation, but the leak of the draft of that opinion in May did not produce a measurable mobilization among those favoring abortion rights, contrary to some speculation.
Public opinion substantially favors allowing concealed carry of handguns with a permit or license required. This is true of both a constitutional right under the Second Amendment and as provided by state laws. In contrast, there is substantial majority opposition to laws allowing concealed carry without a licensing requirement, or “permitless” carry.
Nationwide, 66% of those with an opinion favor a Supreme Court ruling that the Second Amendment includes a right to possess a gun outside the home. For state laws, 62% favor laws that allow concealed carry of handguns with a license and 38% are opposed.
In contrast, permitless concealed carry without a license requirement is supported nationwide by 19% and opposed by 81%.
In the 25 states with permitlesss concealed carry laws, a minority of 28% of adults favor such laws, while 72% are opposed to them, based on a May 2022 Marquette Law School national survey.
State surveys in Texas and Tennessee, states with unlicensed concealed carry laws, found 34% and 39% favored these laws, respectively, with 59% opposed in both states.
In the following analysis, state gun laws are grouped into four categories.
Classifications of states were based on these websites which were checked for consistency:
The Marquette Law School Poll surveyed 1,004 adults nationwide May 9-19, 2022. The margin of error is +/-3.9 percentage points. The survey focused on the Supreme Court and included three items on opnion about the Second Amendment and concealed carry laws. The survey began before the mass shooting that killed 10 people in Buffalo, NY, and was completed before the mass shooting that killed 21 in a Uvalde, TX elementary school.
Full results of the Marquette Law School poll are available here.
The Supreme Court is set to decide New York State Rifle & Pistol Association Inc. v. Bruen, which addresses whether the Second Amendment protects the right to possess a gun outside the home.
The survey asked
Do you favor or oppose the following possible future Supreme Court decisions, or haven’t you heard enough about this to have an opinion?: Rule that the 2nd Amendment right to “keep and bear arms” protects the right to carry a gun outside the home.
Among those with an opinion, 66% favor such a ruling and 34% are opposed.
Opinion on this extension of Second Amendment interpretation to include guns outside the home is more supportive in states with less restrictive gun laws, with large majorities favoring expanded rights to possess a gun, and less supportive in the most restrictive states, where opinion is evenly divided. These results are shown in Table 1.
| State gun laws | Favor | Oppose |
|---|---|---|
| Permitless | 77 | 23 |
| Shall issue | 70 | 30 |
| Shall issue w limits | 64 | 36 |
| May issue | 48 | 52 |
The Marquette Law School poll also asked about laws concerning concealed carry. Respondents were asked about licensed concealed carry laws:
Do you favor or oppose laws that allow most people to obtain a license to carry concealed handguns?
These laws were favored by 62% and opposed by 38% nationwide.
Opinion by state gun laws finds over 60% majorities in favor of such laws in most states, and with a narrow majority in favor in the states with the most restrictive laws concerning concealed carry, as shown in Table 2.
| State gun laws | Favor | Oppose |
|---|---|---|
| Permitless | 65 | 35 |
| Shall issue | 66 | 34 |
| Shall issue w limits | 64 | 36 |
| May issue | 53 | 47 |
Half of the states now allow concealed carry without requiring a license or a permit. Respondents were asked
Do you favor or oppose laws that allow most people to carry concealed handguns without needing to obtain a license?
Opinion on this law is much more opposed than for licensed concealed carry. Nineteen percent favor unlicensed carry laws, while 81% are opposed to such laws.
Table 3 shows opinion on these laws by state gun laws. It is striking that even in the states that allow permitless concealed carry, 72% of adults are opposed to such a law. Opposition to these laws inceases in states with more restrictive gun laws.
| State gun laws | Favor | Oppose |
|---|---|---|
| Permitless | 28 | 72 |
| Shall issue | 19 | 81 |
| Shall issue w limits | 16 | 84 |
| May issue | 10 | 90 |
In the Pew American Trends Panel wave 87, April 5-11, 2021 respondents were asked
Please indicate whether you would favor or oppose the following proposals about gun policy: Allowing people to carry concealed guns without a permit
In the Pew survey, permitless carry was favored by 20% and opposed by 79%, with 1% refusing to answer.
The May 2022 Marquette Law School national survey question asks
Do you favor or oppose laws that allow most people to carry concealed handguns without needing to obtain a license?
In the MU Law Poll permitless carry was favored by 19% and opposed by 81%.
Pew does not release the state code as part of the public dataset, so it is not possible to merge the Pew data with state laws.
This is not a comprehensive collection of state polls on unlicensed concealed carry but is illustrative of state opinion in one “shall issue” state and two states with permitless concealed carry laws.
Wisconsin is a “shall issue” state that does require a license for concealed carry. The Marquette Law School poll of Wisconsin registered voters has asked about both licensed and unlicensed concealed carry. The results for licensed concealed carry are shown in Table 4 and for unlicensed carry in Table 5.
| Poll dates | Favor | Oppose | Don’t know | Refused |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/21-24/16 | 63 | 31 | 5 | 1 |
| 1/8-12/20 | 70 | 25 | 5 | 0 |
| 10/26-31/21 | 62 | 29 | 8 | 1 |
| 4/19-24/22 | 69 | 26 | 5 | 0 |
| Poll dates | Favor | Oppose | Don’t know | Refused |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10/26-31/21 | 20 | 76 | 3 | 0 |
| 4/19-24/22 | 16 | 82 | 2 | 0 |
Texas allows concealed carrry without requiring a license.
A Univerity of Texas/Texas Tribune poll conducted in April 2021 asked
Should adults be allowed to carry handguns in public without licenses or permits?
This was supported by 34% and opposed by 59% with 6% saying the don’t know.
Link: https://www.texastribune.org/2021/05/03/texas-voters-legislature-poll/
Tennessee allows concealed carrry without requiring a license.
A Vanderbilt University Tennessee poll in May 2021 asked
Do you approve or disapprove of a law that would make it legal for people age 21 and older to carry a handgun without a permit in Tennessee?
Thirty-nine percent approved of this law, while 59% disapproved, with 1 percent saying don’t know.
Link: Q22 https://www.vanderbilt.edu/csdi/Spring_2021_topline_final.pdf
Confidence or doubt in the accuracy of the 2020 election has persisted as an issue since that vote. While substantial majorities of registered voters in Wisconsin are confident the election results were accurate, among Republicans the opposite is true– a majority of Republicans doubt the accuracy of the 2020 election. There has been little change in views of that election over the past nineteen months.
In April, Wisconsin held elections for a variety of state and local offices, including judges, mayors, school boards and other nonpartisan positions. These elections were not followed by widespread claims of fraud or manipulation by either party or by the losers of those elections.
How do Wisconsin registered voters perceive the accuracy of the April 2022 elections compared to the November 2020 election? If “faith in elections” has been seriously damaged by claims that 2020 was a fraud, we should see similar doubts of the 2022 election. If doubt in the 2020 election is primarily a sign of support for former President Donald Trump and his allies, then the reality is not doubt in elections generally but specifically only in the election Trump lost. The April 2022 Wisconsin vote gives us a chance to look at the evidence.
The Marquette Law School poll conducted April 19-24, 2022 followed the April 5 elections in the state. The sample size was 805 registered voters with a margin of error of +/-4.1 percentage points. Full results are available here. Respondents were asked parallel questions about this and the 2020 election:
On April 5, Wisconsin held elections for school boards, judges, local and county positions and other offices. How confident are you that, here in Wisconsin, these votes were accurately cast and counted in the April election?
Concerning the 2020 election they were asked
How confident are you that, here in Wisconsin, the votes for president were accurately cast and counted in the 2020 election?
Response options to both are “very confident”, “somewhat confident”, “not too confident” and “not at all confident.” In the tables below very and somewhat confident are combined as “confident” responses and “not too” or “not at all” confident are combined as “not confident.”
Table 1 shows the results for the April 2022 and November 2020 elections. Confidence in the April 2022 election is 84% compared to 64% confident in the 2020 vote. Only 13% doubt the April results while almost three times as many, 35%, say they doubt the November 2020 election results.
| Response | April 2022 | November 2020 |
|---|---|---|
| Confident | 84 | 64 |
| Not confident | 13 | 35 |
| DK/Ref | 3 | 1 |
Views of the 2020 election differ dramatically by party, while partisan differences in confidence in the April 2022 elections is much more muted. Large majorities of each partisan group are confident in the April election results, including about three-quarters of Republicans and over 80% of independents. While 22% of Republicans still profess doubt in the April election that contrasts sharply with the 65% of Republicans who say they doubt the 2020 results.
Among independents, confidence is substantially higher in the April election, 82%, than in the 2020 outcome, 65%, though substantial majorities of independents are confident in both elections.
Democrats are nearly unanimous in their confidence in both elections.
Table 2 shows confidence by party for the April 2022 and November 2020 elections.
Table 2: Confidence in the April 2022 and November 2020 elections by party identification, , Wisconsin registered voters, Marquette Law School poll, April 19-24, 2022
| Party ID | Confident | Not confident | DK/Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 74 | 22 | 4 |
| Independent | 82 | 14 | 3 |
| Democrat | 97 | 3 | 0 |
| Party ID | Confident | Not confident | DK/Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republican | 33 | 65 | 2 |
| Independent | 65 | 34 | 2 |
| Democrat | 96 | 4 | 0 |
Among those who are not confident in the 2020 vote, almost two-thirds, 63%, are confident in the 2022 outcome, with 33% who are not confident in the 2022 result. Virtually everyone confident in 2020 is also confident in 2022. Table 3 shows confidence in 2022 by confidence in 2020.
| Confidence in 2020 | Confident | Not confident | DK/Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Confident | 96 | 2 | 2 |
| Not confident | 63 | 33 | 4 |
We can also look at confidence in both elections as a percentage of all registered voters, shown in Table 4. The entries here are the “cell percentages”, the size of each cell as a percent of all respondents.
| Confidence in 2020 | Confident | Not confident | DK/Ref |
|---|---|---|---|
| Confident | 61 | 2 | 1 |
| Not confident | 22 | 11 | 1 |
Of all registered voters, 11% lack confidence in both elections, while 61% are confident in both. Twenty-two percent are not confident in 2020 but are confident in 2022. This is the crucial segment of the population who doubt Trump’s loss, but are still confident in an election he had no role in and which is not disputed by either party. Just 2% are confident in 2020 but not in 2022.
Supporters of Donald Trump have blamed his loss in 2020 on “election fraud” of some sort. But when considering a different election, one not disputed by either party, they are quite confident in the outcome. While there is some residual increase in doubt of 2022 among those who doubt the 2020 election, it is far short of a widespread “lack of faith in elections” generally.
While the April non-partisan elections in Wisconsin are revealing, the November partisan contests will provide another test of the inclination of parties to blame their losses on “fraud.”
My new @MULawPoll national release is out. Link at end of this post. Here I want to highlight what I think are the most informative bits. Others have tweeted the toplines for DeSantis v Biden and Trump v Biden but the goal isn’t 2024 but the GOP today.
Trump remains very popular w Republicans, 74% fav, 25% unfav. That is formidable support. DeSantis, not nearly so well known is 52%-11% w Reps but 38% haven’t heard enough. Pence at 59-31 is net positive but only 10% lack an opinion. DeSantis at 5-1 fav, Trump 3-1, Pence 2-1.
Republican support for a Trump run in 2024 is 63%, w 37% not wanting him to run. So 74% are fav to Trump, and a smaller 63% want him to run. Still a solid majority but some hesitancy about a 2024 rerun even among those favorable to him.
Trump has defined doubts about the accuracy of the 2020 vote for Republicans, and 73% say they are not confident in the election (and 71% of those who lean Rep). That issue defines Trump in the party, and the 1 in 4 Reps who disagree are quite unfavorable to Trump.
Favorability to Trump w Reps + Rep leaners is 29% among those confident in the vote, and 88% among the not confident. For Pence, there is no relationship at all between confidence & favs. DeSantis fav is more tied to confidence, but lots of “confidents” are DK for him.
Clearly Trump retains a very strong base of support w Republican voters, who also overwhelmingly adopt his claims about the 2020 election and are very favorable toward him. But support for a rematch with Biden is lower than his fav rating.
Let’s turn back to the head to heads v Biden, but look at the party crosstab. Trump gets 77% of Rep votes, 73% of leaners. DeSantis gets 81% of Reps and 75% of leaners. Trump might well win a primary battle, but GOP voters would support DeSantis at least as much as Trump v Biden.
Takeaway: Trump remains the dominate figure in the GOP, but at least one alternative, DeSantis, performs as well v Biden, gains as much support w GOP and has a better fav-to-unfav ratio in GOP as Trump (But lots of DK) It is a long time to 2024, but how GOP divides sets the stage.
Links to full survey release from @mulawpoll national survey of adults, Jan 10-21, 2022.
Full release: https://law.marquette.edu/poll/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/06_SCNationalIssuesPressRelease.pdf
Toplines, Crosstabs etc: https://law.marquette.edu/poll/2022/01/27/detailed-results-of-the-marquette-law-school-supreme-court-poll-january-10-21-2022/